Apr 10, 20 cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. The cognitive dissonance theory and its function in public. Cognitive dissonance theory article about cognitive. Cognitive dissonance theory links actions and attitudes. In terms of psychology, its a mental discomfort associated with psychological stress experienced by a person, where the person holds on to more than one contradictory ideas, attitudes, or beliefs. Hence if i think of my self as being an altruistic being this being my selfcognition i will. However, the dwindling interest in dissonance theory did not have a long run. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. According to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions i. Ebook a theory of cognitive dissonance libro electronico. This paper discusses the aspects of the cognitive dissonance theory.
In a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, leon festinger proposed that human. This work is a clearly stated theory on how humans think, decide, and defend their decisions. Keywords moral hazard cognitive dissonance behavioral finance. It suggests that inconsistencies among cognitions i. The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group pdf. Cognitive dissonance theory holds that our reactions to these sorts of psychological stimuli tend to fall somewhere along a continuum on which each point represents a strategy for returning our consciousnesses into cognitive balance huegler, 2006. Cognitive dissonance theory wicklund and brehm 1976 commented on the 20year history of dissonance theory by observing, to the extent that dissonance theory has evolved since 1957, the evolution has been primarily due to the discovery that responsibility is a prerequisite for effects that we call dissonance reduction p. Cognitivedissonancetheory after50yearsofdevelopment. The theory is somewhat counterintuitive and, in fact, fits into a category of counterintuitive social psychology theories sometimes referred to as action opinion. Leon festingers 1957 a theory of cognitive dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. The impact of cognitive dissonance theory continued from the late 1950s to the mid1970s.
Since its introduction to the social psychology literature 60 years ago, festingers cognitive dissonance theory cdt has been frequently. Cognitive dissonance cd theory is arguably one of the most influential and. A cognitive dissonance approach avidit acharya, stanford university matthew blackwell, harvard university maya sen, harvard university the standard approach in positive political theory posits that action choices are the consequences of preferences. Cognitive dissonance is described as psychological discomfort that arises from holding incompatible ideas at the same time. Specifically, it focuses on the relationships among cognitions. List of books and articles about cognitive dissonance. Click download or read online button to get cognitive consistency book now. A critical tool in social justice teaching 2 i usually begin my social justice education workshops the same way. Leon festinger, one such noted social psychologist, explained that people, in the course of their daily lives, hold a myriad of cognitions simultaneously. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social. Cognitive dissonance and gender discrimination springerlink. Cognitive dissonance theory cdt argues that the experience of dissonance or incompatible beliefs and actions is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. An introduction to the theory of cognitive dissonance.
The principle of cognitive dissonance was made popular in the late 1950s by leon festingers book, theory of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since leon festinger published his classic work in 1957. Friedrichsen, daniel gietl, anna gumpert, frank heinemann, peiran jiao, shyam sunder. This approach is based on the hypotheticodeductive method, which involves the following processes. By saul mcleodupdated to reduce this dissonance, we are motivated to try to think that the task turned out well. Cognitive dissonance theory communication theory video 2014. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology edited by eddie harmonjones and judson mills. This my video on cognitive dissonance for my communication theory class. Cognitive dissonance theory synonyms, cognitive dissonance theory pronunciation, cognitive dissonance theory translation, english dictionary definition of cognitive dissonance theory. Apr 10, 20 cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolutioncognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge.
In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two or more. Cognitive dissonance has been utilized extensively in the fields of communication, education, and social psychology as a framework for researching incongruities among attitudes, beliefs, and social behaviors cooper, 2007. Cognitive dissonance was first introduced through social psychology, but still plays a fundamental role in public relations. With a growing interest in purely cognitive processes such as information processes, the popularity of dissonance theory declined. Cognitive dissonance represents conflicting desires that create the unpleasant tension that women in these societies face. Cognitive dissonance is the negative feeling that results from conflicting beliefs and behaviors. Lord wrote a paper on whether or not the theory of cognitive dissonance was not tested enough and if it was a mistake to accept it into theory. Cognitive dissonance theory is applicable in all situations which involves formation and. This robust theory suggests that a motivational state of inner tension is triggered by logically inconsistent ways of thinking. Our objective is to model an agent who exhibits such cognitive dissonance. In his own words, he quickly sums up this quite complex theory. It is a theory with very broad applications, showing that we aim for consistency between attitudes and behaviors, and may not use very rational methods to achieve it. Cd is among the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology e. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward, and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction.
Selfconsistency a theoretical reinterpretation of the original theory of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance reduction can be seen as an antecedent condition which leads to activity oriented towards dissonance reduction just as hunger leads to activity oriented towards hunger reduction. Start studying comm250 cognitive dissonance theory. It can thus be concluded that the theory of cognitive dissonance is a nomothetic theory one that seeks universal and general laws. Because cognitive dissonance is a relatively new theory, there are some that are skeptical of the idea. The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people are motivated to reduce this tension and may do so either by reducing their selfinterest behavior, by engaging in selfdeception, or by some combination of the two. May 11, 2012 theory of cognitive dissonance the theory of cognitive dissonance has been the subject of interest and study of social psychologists in particular. Cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as the new york times with increasing frequency and accuracy. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. Instead of positing that any type of cognition can be involved in.
It is well known that this discomfort is usually resolved by devaluing and discarding a conflicting piece of. According to cognitive dissonance theory,an individual experiences a mental discomfort after taking an action that seems to be in con. Cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolutioncognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. It is a very different motivation from what psychologist are used to dealing with but, as we shall see, nonetheless powerful. Cognitive dissonance theory another form of consistency theory is cognitive dissonance theory, developed by leon festinger 1957. Individuals then change their attitudes to conform more closely with their actions,leading to an important source of attitude formation and change. Cognitive dissonance and compensatory control cognitive dissonance theories contend that individuals want consistency among their cognitions i. If you change a persons behavior, his thoughts and feelings will change to minimize the. Cognitive dissonance theory social emotive neuroscience lab. A challenge to human evolutioncognitive dissonance frontiers. Leon festinger was the first psychologist to study cognitive dissonance around the 1950s, and his works, such as books and experiments, helped to shed light on the ways in which humans act to decrease cognitive dissonance.
Hukkinen, nina janasikhonkela, and valentina kieseppa. Cognitive dissonance theory definition of cognitive. The advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory. Forced compliance theory is a paradigm that is closely related to cognitive dissonance theory. The theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957. Cognitive dissonance is defined as a state of mind where our belief does not match with our behaviour. Cognitive consistency download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Cognitive dissonance article about cognitive dissonance by. The theory of cognitive dissonance was molded by leon festinger at the beginning of the 1950s. But even before festinger was the greek fabulist aesop. Go to the editions section to read or download ebooks. Many of these cognitions are irrelevant to each other and are not problematic for the.
Strengths and weaknesses of the dissonance theory glossary references selftest. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that our preferences are modulated by the mere act of choosing. If you study psychology there is a very good chance that you will be introduced to the theory of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance cd theory is arguably one of the most influential. You have to choose only 1, causing you cognitive dissonance. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance after. A theory of cognitive dissonance download ebook pdf. A theory of cognitive dissonance by festinger, leon, 19191989. Jan 22, 2019 cognitive dissonance is defined as a state of mind where our belief does not match with our behaviour. The theory of cognitive dissonance 1 concentrates on creating knowledge about important psychological processes of individuals.
Comm250 cognitive dissonance theory flashcards quizlet. It is student made and meant to demonstrate the theory of cognitive dissonance as well as entertain. Oct 02, 2014 this my video on cognitive dissonance for my communication theory class. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger, 1962, stanford university press edition.
Festinger argues that there are three possible relationships among cognitions thoughts, ideas. Theory of cognitive dissonance definition of theory of. Psychology the psychological tension that occurs when one holds mutually exclusive beliefs or attitudes and that often motivates people to modify their. Not which but when one of the intriguing aspects of dissonance theory is that it frequently leads to predictions which stand in apparent contradiction to those made by other theoretical approaches, most notably, to. The theory of cognitive dissonance essay example 877 words. Dissonance arises when elements of cognition do not fit together, motivating a person to reduce or eliminate the dissonance, just as, for example, the presence of hunger leads. Carlsmith conducted an experiment entitled cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he, opposing all previous psychological behaviorist work, created the cognitive dissonance theory. Pdf a theory of cognitive dissonance semantic scholar. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions for good. What is cognitive dissonance, know its theory and examples. Raise your hand if you believe the united states was founded on christian or judeochristian principles.